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READ THIS FIRST
QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE
WDXT-GEN2
Winchester Disk Controller Board
JANUARY 1989
Radio Frequency Interference Statement
This Western Digital product has been certified to comply with the limits for a
Class B computing device pursuant to subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules. This
does not guarantee that interference will not occur in individual
installations. Western Digital is not responsible for any television, radio, or
other interference caused by unauthorized modifications of this product.
If interference problems do occur, please consult the system equipment owner's
manual for suggestions. Some of these suggestions include relocation of the
computer system away from the television or radio or placing the computer AC
power connection on a different circuit or outlet.
If you require further information or other technical support, please contact
your authorized dealer:
**************************************************************************
INTRODUCTION
**************************************************************************
The WDXT-GEN2 board is easy to install. The following is a summary of the
installation steps.
1. Preliminary: set jumpers, drive configuration
2. Install hardware: drive, board, connect cables
3. Install software: use debug, low level format, etc.
4. Check installation: start system, use new board & drive
CAUTION
Handle the controller board by the ends of the board. Some of the chips
are static sensitive and damage may occur if the board is incorrectly
handled.
**************************************************************************
ABOUT THIS GUIDE
**************************************************************************
Angle brackets < > refer to a key. Therefore the symbol <Enter> refers to the
Enter key.
This guide was written using the IBM<M^>* XT computer as a model. Sometimes
specific examples, such as errors refer to the IBM error code numbers.
Therefore if you have an XT compatible computer, your error numbers may be
different.
About Menu Screens:
Because computer manufacturers are always updating their products, and this
installation guide covers installing WDXT-GEN2 controller boards in many XT
compatible computers, some of the menu screens may not be exactly the same on
your system. Always follow the instructions on your computer screen.
* IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
1
SOME PRELIMINARY STEPS
Before you begin the actual installation of the hardware and software, here are
some preliminary steps that you need to do.
**************************************************************************
GATHER SUPPLIES
**************************************************************************
The installation requires that you gather the following tools and supplies.
-- screwdriver
-- XT compatible computer with space to hold the internal drive
-- MFM hard disk drive(s)with ST506 interface
-- interface cables (20-pin data cables & 34-pin control cable)
-- DOS version 2.0 or later (DOS 3.1 or later recommended)
-- installation manual for XT compatible computer
-- installation manual for hard disk drive
**************************************************************************
IDENTIFY DRIVE
**************************************************************************
The WDXT-GEN2 board works with any hard disk drive that has the ST506/412 drive
interface and no more than 1024 cylinders and 15 heads. The Seagate 225 hard
disk drive unit is such a drive.
Look in your drive manual to verify that you have an ST506/412 MFM drive or
check with your dealer.
Then check the drive manual for the drive parameters, such as those listed in
Table 1-1. You'll need this information for the low level format.
Formatted Number of Number of Pre-Comp Step
Capacity Heads Cylinders RWC Rate
21MB 4 615 307/none 30nsec
This board does not work with RLL drives. If you have an RLL drive you need the
WDXT-GEN2R board.
**************************************************************************
IDENTIFY BOARD
**************************************************************************
The WDXT-GEN2 board comes in 2 versions. One version has a drive power
connector (J4) and the other version does not. These controllers are identical
electrically except for the power connector.
Figure 1-1 shows the connector locations (J1, J2, J3, J4, and J5) on the WDXT-
GEN2 board and the location of the jumper pins (R17 to R23 and R25 to R28). The
(J4) drive power connector is optional on the WDXT-GEN2 board. It is there to
connect power to FileCard drives.
BIOS ROM Incompatibility
BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input Output System. ROM is an acronym for Read
Only Memory. The BIOS ROM is a program on a computer chip that tells your
computer how to operate devices attached to your computer.
Some XT compatible computers do not operate with the Western Digital BIOS ROM
because of an incompatibility. Most of these computers are listed in Appendix
A. Check Appendix A to see if you have one of these computers.
If this is the case, you need to disable the BIOS ROM by setting a jumper. If
you have one of these computers, omit the low level format in this guide and
instead follow your computer manufacturer's software installation instructions
for low level formatting.
┌────────┐
│ ┌──┘
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────│ o │
│ o ┌──J2────┐ ┌──────J1───────┐ └─────│
│ ┌─J5──┐ └────────┘ └───────────────┘ ┌───────┐ │
│ └─────┘ ┌──J3────┐ │ R17 │ │
│ └────────┘ ┌────────┐┌───────┐ │ R18 │ │
│ ┌──┐┌──┐ ┌───┐ │ ││ │ │ R19 │ │
│ │ ││ │ │ │ │ ││ │ │ R20 │ │
│ │ ││ │ │ │ │ ││ │ └───────┘ │
│ │ ││ │ │ │ │ ││ │ ┌───────┐ │
│ └──┘└──┘ └───┘ │ ││ │ │ R21 │ │
│ ┌─────┐ │ ││ │ │ R22 │ │
│ │ │ └────────┘└───────┘ │ R23 │ │
│ │ │ ┌───────────┐ └───────┘ │
│ │ │ │ │ ┌───────┐ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ R25 │ │
│ └─────┘ │ │ │ R26 │ │
│ └───────────┘ │ R27 │ │
│ │ R28 │ │
│ └───────┘ │
│ │
│ ┌J4┐ ┌─────────┐ │
│ o └──┘ └─────────┘ o │
└───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┘
└┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┘
Figure 1-1. WDXT-GEN2 Connector and Jumper Locations
**************************************************************************
JUMPER RESISTORS
**************************************************************************
Jumper resistors are tiny wires, which when installed between pairs of pin
locations on a board, turn certain functions on or off. Western Digital set the
jumper resistors for the most common applications. It is unlikely that you will
need to change any of the jumper resistor settings.
CAUTION
Handle the controller board by the ends of the board. Some of the chips are
static sensitive and damage may occur if the board is incorrectly handled.
Do I Need To Change Any Jumpers?
No. Do NOT change any jumper resistors on the GEN2 board, unless you have one
of the following conditions:
The GEN2 board is your second hard disk controller in the system.
You have another peripheral unit which uses interrupt signal
IRQ5.
You have a BIOS ROM which is incompatible with GEN2.
See the Appendix B for a list of the jumper resistor functions.
Change Jumper Resistors
When you have one of the special conditions listed above, you need to add a
jumper resistor. In all other cases, do NOT add a jumper resistor.
If the GEN2 board is the second controller, change the controller address
at R21 & R22. Check the first controller manufacturer's manual for the
addresses and also see Appendix B.
If another peripheral uses IRQ5, add a jumper at R27.
If the system BIOS ROM is incompatible, add a jumper at
R23.
See Appendix B for information on changing jumper resistors.
**************************************************************************
SET HARD DISK DRIVE CONFIGURATION
**************************************************************************
This section "Set Hard Disk Drive Configuration" refers to procedures that you
do to your hard disk drives and not to your GEN2 controller. Since the GEN2
board works with many hard disk drives, you need to consult your drive
manufacturer's manual for exact details.
You need to set the configuration for your hard disk drive unit, before you
install the unit into your computer. You set your hard disk configuration by
adjusting jumpers, switches, or termination resistors on the hard disk unit.
Drive Settings
The two settings that you can change are:
-- drive number
-- drive termination resistor
You frequently don't have to modify the factory settings. The exact number of
settings that you change depends on your disk drive and computer.
Control Cables
Setting the drive number depends on the type of control cable that connects
your drive to your controller board. The two types of cables are listed below.
-- flat, non-twist (ribbon) cable
-- flat, twisted (ribbon) cable
Do NOT use cables from floppy drives. Hard disk cables are different!
First identify which cable you are going to use. Look at the control cable and
determine whether it is twisted. The control cable has the 34-pin connectors.
If you already have one hard disk attached to your WDXT-GEN2 board and you plan
to use the existing cable in your computer, you may have to open the computer
case. See your computer manufacturer's instructions.
┌┐ ┌┐ ┌┐ ┌┐ ┌┐ ┌┐
││───────────────││────││ ││───────────────││────││
││───────────────││────││ ││───────────────││────││
││───────────────││────││ ││───────────────││────││
││───────────────││────││ ││───────────────││─XX─││
││───────────────││────││ ││───────────────││─XX─││
└┘ └┘ └┘ └┘ └┘ └┘
Non-twist Cable Twisted Cable
Set Drive Number
When the 34-pin control cable is a twisted cable, set the jumpers or switches
on both drives for drive select 2.
When the 34-pin flat control cable has NO twisted section, set a jumper or
switch on the first drive for drive select 1 and the other for drive select 2.
See the drive manufacturer's manual for detailed instructions on how to set the
drive number.
Set Drive Termination Resistor
The drive termination resistor should only be on the drive, which is the last
physical drive installed in a daisy chain configuration. When you have two hard
disk drives, remove or disable the termination resistor from the drive, which
you plan to attach to the middle connector .
If you have only one fixed hard disk drive, do NOT change the termination
resistor. Drives are set at the factory as the first hard disk drive (i.e., to
be the only drive in the system).
See the drive manufacturer's manual for detailed instructions on how to remove
or disable the termination resistor.
Note: A daisy chain cable has three connectors. The electrical signal in a
daisy chain configuration moves from one connection to the next in sequence.
CHECK COMPUTER
(Incompatible System BIOS ROM)
Some early versions of XT computers have system BIOS ROMs that are incompatible
with your WDXT-GEN2. Follow the instructions in the next section, "Read System
BIOS ROM Date" to determine if you have one of these systems.
Read System BIOS ROM Date
DEBUG is a program which allows you to look at information in your computer on
a fundamental level. You can enter the Debug program and use it to read a
portion of your computer's ROM (read only memory). By following the steps
below, you can determine the date the system BIOS ROM was created for your
computer.
The Debug program should be supplied on your DOS diskette. See your DOS system
manual for complete instructions on how to use the Debug program.
Place the diskette containing the Debug program in drive A, then
1. At the A> prompt,
Type: DEBUG
Press <Enter>
2. At the debug prompt (-),
Type: d f000:fff5 fffc
Press <Enter>
3. Date returned is 10/27/82 OR LATER
4. To exit debug:
Type: q
Press <Enter>
Only a date of 10/27/82 OR LATER is acceptable. If the date returned is earlier
than 10/27/82, you need to update your system BIOS ROM before you can install
your WDXT-GEN2 board. Contact your computer dealer for information on upgrading
your system BIOS ROM.
2
HOW TO INSTALL YOUR HARDWARE
This section tells you how to install the hardware portion of your WDXT-GEN2
controller board. You can install the controller board in any available XT-
compatible expansion slot.
Do not attempt to install your hardware unless you have set the hard disk drive
configuration as explained on page 1-7.
The installation requires you to remove the cover from your computer. See your
PC manual for exact instructions on how to remove the cover.
If you are replacing an existing controller, then you also have to remove your
old hard disk controller.
If you want two hard disks on one controller, use a daisy chain cable to
connect them onto one GEN2 board. A daisy chain cable has 3 connectors.
1. Turn your computer power switch to OFF.
2. Use a screwdriver to loosen the cover screws. Then remove
the computer cover, so that you can see the expansion slots.
3. Place your hard disk drive unit(s) into the computer case
and attach per the manufacturer's installation instructions.
4. Look and see which expansion slots are empty. You can use
any empty slot that has the same type of edge connectors as the GEN2
board, except as noted below.
Note: For IBM XT owners: DO NOT use the slot closest to the power supply. Use
an expansion slot at least one position removed from the power supply.
You may have to leave the drive case loosely connected, so that you can attach
the cables.
Or if you are removing a controller, locate the one which has the old
controller in it. Use this expansion slot.
Note: You can also install a new fixed hard disk drive on an existing
controller. See Appendix A.
5A. If you are removing an old controller, loosen the screw which holds
the old controller board in place. Then slide the old board out of the
expansion slot and remove the cables. Locate the old bracket cover and
place it on your computer case. (You probably removed this old bracket
cover when you installed your old controller board.)
5B. If you are using a "new" expansion slot, remove the screw,
but keep the bracket cover in place. Save the screw to hold the new
controller board.
6. Connect 34-pin wide control cable to GEN2 board. Follow
steps A or B. These instructions are for both one or two drives on
the same controller.
A. (for 1 drive only) Connect the 34-pin (wide control cable)
connector to J1 on the controller board. Attach Pin 1 of the cable
connector to Pin 1 on the controller board. See Figure 1-1 on page
1-4.
Pin 1 of the cable connector is marked and is on the
color coded edge of the cable. Do NOT force the cables and connectors.
B. (for 2 drives only) If you are installing two hard disk
drives on one controller, use a daisy chain cable. A daisy chain cable
has 3 connectors.
Connect the 34-pin wide connector on the longer length daisy
chain cable to J1 on the GEN2 board. See Figure 1-1 and Figure 2-1.
7. Connect 34-pin wide control cable to drive unit.
A. (for 1 drive only) Connect the free end of the wide control
cable to the hard disk drive.
B. (for 2 drives only) Connect the end 34-pin connector on
the shorter length daisy chain cable to the first hard disk drive
unit's 34-pin connector. See Figure 2-1.
C. (for 2 drives only) Connect the middle 34-pin connector
on the shorter length daisy chain cable to the second hard disk drive
unit's 34-pin connector.
Remember: The second hard disk drive unit is the unit from which you
removed or disabled the termination resistor and changed
the drive number. See page 1-10.
┌───────────────┐
│ FIRST DRIVE │───┐ 34 Pin Connector
└───────────────┘──┐│
││
││ (Shortest Cable)
┌───────────────┐ ││
│ SECOND DRIVE │──┘│ 34 Pin Connector
└───────────────┘──┐│
(Termination Resistor ││
Removed) ││ (Longest Cable)
││
││
││
┌─────────────┘│
│ ┌────────────┘
┌────────│─│───┐ 34 Pin Connector
│ J1 │
└──┐ ┌──┘
└┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┘ WDXT-GEN2 Controller Card
8. Connect 20-pin data cable(s) to the drive unit(s) 20-pin
connectors. Attach one 20-pin data cable to the first hard disk drive
unit. If you are installing a second drive attach the second 20-pin
data cable to the second hard disk drive unit.
9. Connect 20-pin data cable(s) to the GEN2 board as described
below.
A. Connect the 20-pin data cable from the first drive to J2
on the controller board. Attach Pin 1 on the cable to Pin 1 on the
controller board. See Figure 1-1 on page 1-4.
B. (for 2 drives only) If you install a second hard disk drive,
connect the second 20-pin data cable from the second drive to J3 on
the controller board. See Figure 1-1 on page 1-4.
10. (optional for systems with LED cables) Connect the 4-pin external LED
cable connector to J5 on the controller board.
11. Connect the 4-pin power connector. See either A or B.
A. Locate the internal 4-pin power connector(s) on your computer.
See your computer manual. Connect this internal 4-pin
power connector to your new fixed hard disk drive unit's power connector
plug.
B. (for 2 drives only) If you are installing 2 drives, you
need either two internal power connectors on your computer or you
need to split the power connector. See the manufacturer's manual.
Connect the second drive unit to the second power connector
plug.
12. Install the controller board into the expansion slot that
you selected in step 4. The GEN2's edge connectors (shown in Figure
1-1, page 1-4) fit firmly into the computer's motherboard.) See
your computer manual for the location of your computer's motherboard.
Press firmly on the board as you insert it into the expansion slot.
Check that the board is seated properly by pressing down firmly on
both ends of the board.
13. After the board is seated firmly in the expansion slot
socket, secure the board using the clip that is on the end of your
board. Place the bracket screw (which you removed in step 5) over
the clip and bracket cover. Then screw the clip and bracket cover
to the computer chassis.
CAUTION
When routing cables, be careful not to pinch them.
Cables must not get caught between the cover and the boards nor
should they obstruct any air flow path from fans or vents.
14. Place extra cable lengths so that they are out of the way.
15. Replace the computer cover. Your hardware controller installation
is complete. However, your WDXT-GEN2 controller board is really a
complex circuit composed of both hardware and software, so that while
the hardware installation is complete, you still need to install the
software. Proceed to the next section for the software installation
steps.
Tighten hard disk unit(s) to computer case, etc. if not already done so in step
3.